The Transport Safety Investigation Bureau (TSIB) of Singapore has published its report on the fatal Maersk Honam fire which occurred in March 2018. The report concludes that the actual cause of the fire was not conclusive.
On 6 March 2018, during fine weather, the Singapore registered container ship Maersk Honam, which was carrying 7860 containers, while en route from Singapore to Suez Canal, experienced a severe fire that started from no.3 cargo hold when the ship was in the Arabian Sea, about 900 nautical miles west of the coast of India.
All the 27 crew responded to fight the fire by conducting boundary cooling and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the cargo hold but were not successful in extinguishing the fire. The crew sent out a distress signal and eventually abandoned ship at about 2215H.
On 7 March 2018 at about 0130H, another ship, the ALS Ceres, which had responded to the distress signal, picked up a total of 23 crew from the lifeboat. Four crew members were reported unaccounted for and declared missing. Search and Rescue (SAR) operations of the surrounding seas were also carried out. One of the surviving crew succumbed to the injuries while en route ashore for medical treatment.
After Maersk Honam was abandoned, continuous firefighting and boundary cooling was performed by several assisting ships for about five days, because of hotspots inside the cargo holds forward of the accommodation, to bring the raging fire under control.
On 10 March 2018, the salvage team boarded Maersk Honam for firefighting and SAR operations, where they recovered remains of three of the four missing crew the next day. Due to the severe fire occurrence that affected the accommodation space, no.1, 2 and 3 cargo holds, Maersk Honam was unfit to proceed on her voyage, and Maersk arranged for the ship to be towed to United Arab Emirates (UAE) as the port of refuge after the smouldering of the cargo hold had subsided.
The Transport Safety Investigation Bureau classified the occurrence as a very serious marine casualty.
A probable cause of the Maersk Honam fire
As most of the evidence was destroyed by fire, the investigation team was not able to conclusively determine the cause of the fire. However, there was evidence that the integrity of SDID in no.3 cargo had been compromised such as the chlorine-smell smoke, the irritating and uncomfortable feeling, including breathlessness experienced by the crew at the onset of the event. The heat generated by spontaneous self-decomposition of the SDID worsened as it was carried in block stowage.
In addition, despite the good efforts demonstrated by the crew in taking care of each other and saving lives during the emergency, the report notes that the fire alarm was not raised at the onset of the event causing a delay in the closure of the magnetic fire doors of the accommodation, and non-closure of exterior ventilation vents. These had resulted in toxic smoke entering and spreading within the accommodation areas.
Recommendations to prevent future fires
TSIB has made the following recommendations for Maersk:
- To work with non-governmental organisations for e.g. CINS, for producing guidelines for the safe carriage of SDID recognising the primary and secondary hazards of this cargo noting the IMDG Code SP 135.
- To review the stowage requirements for SDID containers with due considerations given to prevent the increase in temperatures and ease of using water-based medium for firefighting at the storage locations, such as stowing SDID containers on the weather deck away from direct sunlight.
- To review its safety management system for fire emergency preparedness for ensuring the proper use of alarm to be activated for any given emergency.
- To review the design arrangements of the natural ventilator flaps on the hatch cover for them to be closed effectively in an emergency.
- To consider amending the ship’s ERM for ensuring thrusters (as a reminder to the Master) are used for maintaining the ship’s heading with minimum headway.
And for the flag administration, TSIB has suggested:
- To consider submitting a paper to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) for consulting the Sub-Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNSCETDG)2, as appropriate, for the review of SP 135, taking into account the potential primary and secondary hazards associated with the carriage of SDID, for it to be classed under Class 5.1 instead of Class 9.
- To remind operators of Singapore registered ships to load dangerous goods with oxidising properties (and those with secondary hazards of chemical decomposition) on-deck, away from direct sunlight, where water could be used more effectively.
- To consider requiring the conduct of emergency drills during the periodical audits especially during interim audit to identify potential risks at the early stages of the vessel being put into service during delivery.
- To consider inviting its RO to develop standards/ guidance and additional notations for improving fire safety for container ships while the goal-based standards are being developed for SOLAS and the FSS Code.
Download the report: Maersk Honam Fire Report
