The Cargo Incident Notification System (CINS) has published a new guidance on shipping lithium-ion cells and batteries in containers by sea.
CINS Guidelines for Shipping Lithium-ion Cells and Batteries in Containers provides shipping companies, operators and carriers with safety guidance for the transport of lithium-ion cells and batteries, classified under UN Nos. 3480 and 3481, in Cargo Transport Units (CTUs).
Lithium-ion cells are the primary elements of a battery and can exist in various forms, and they are commonly used in portable electronics and electric vehicles and are able to accumulate, store, and release electrical energy through the movement of lithium ions between a positive and a negative electrode.
Lithium-ion cells and batteries must be handled with care, as they pose several risks if damaged, improperly charged, or exposed to extreme conditions. They are classed as dangerous goods because of several hazardous properties.
These properties include:
- Fire Hazard: Flammable electrolytes can ignite if damaged or overheated, triggering thermal runaway reactions that lead to fires or explosions.
- Chemical Reactivity: Reactive materials may explode or catch fire if punctured or short-circuited.
- Toxic Emissions: Fires release harmful gases such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), which are toxic and corrosive.
- Explosion Risk: Internal pressure buildup can cause rupture or explosive vapour clouds.
- Electrical Hazard: Short circuits or mishandling can lead to burns, sparks, or fires.
- Environmental Risk: Improper disposal can contaminate soil and water, causing environmental harm.
Key Risks During Transport
These factors increase the risks involved in the carriage of lithium-ion cells and batteries.
- Packing not consigned in compliance with the IMDG Code.
- Packing into containers other than in accordance with the CTU Code.
- High temperature inside container(s) during transport.
- Cell or battery not in compliance with UN 38.3
Within the document, CINS provides guidance on packaging, preparation for transport and ship loading considerations of lithium-ion cells and batteries.
Download the document: CINS - Guidelines for Shipping Lithium-ion Cells and Batteries in Containers